Windiarto Kardono: Democracy acclamation, Centralism Democratic consolidation and the strategy for the elections PAN 2014
By the year stewardship of the DPP PAN 2010-2015 period in January next, structuring efforts institutionaland consolidation of party organizations in order to facing 'five-yearly political celebration' 2014 underway. Spatial organization in the DPP does not simply done with a massive recruitment in management structure to achieve more than 100 BPH personnel, but also divides the composition functional and territorial management through agencies in charge of the functions work on each sector and division of responsibilities win the election based on the province or territory provinces combined. Author by: Windiarto Kardono
The arrangement also touched organization PAN faction, which expected not only to become party representation quality in parliament but also a display window party policy before the public. Even the business- effort to optimize the function and role of the DPP as The central election win nationally is also visible like on one task at the waistband vice chairman general, ie, responsible and in control to win the election management nationally. Especially if you view the DPP wishes to declare acquisition target 2-digit voice and occupy positions 2 in order of largest parties participating in the election 2014 which will come, of course the various efforts to planning and operating the various programs winning party would be a concern party stakeholders at the central level.
DPP is selected from the acclamation of democracy in PAN Congress III in Batam and it was also working to make arrangements at the level of party organization provinces (branch of) and districts (DPD), through policy of 'recommendation' of the candidate branch of chairmen and DPD, through the DPP's policy deems it necessary to be involved to conduct the selection of candidate- candidate for party chairman. Until October, the author recorded less than half the amount of infrastructure at the branch of the party has completed the program muswilnya consolidation, and almost no branch of the finish with no through 'the process of acclamation'.
Acclamation, as one of the mechanisms and procedures for select and appoint a leader through deliberation and consensus, although not a mandatory mechanism executed by the party infrastructure in all levels as embodied in the party bylaws, but during the past year, though they will practice become mandatory ritual when the party infrastructure implement the consolidation of its organization. The author intentionally lift the discourse of democracy is not for acclamation
contest the validity of the practice of acclamation as a procedures and mechanisms to select and appoint leader, because basically every leader must have claims that their ruling based on the principles democratic principles as desired by community and any claims that are clearly
democracy does have a commentary and practiced vary according to the context of issues under occur.
Indeed the question is, 1. Are the dynamics and style power in the internal party arena will move
toward the effectiveness and efficiency for the achievement of objectives organization rather than the demands of accountability and participation of volunteers and constituents? and 2. Is practice acclamation of democracy is able to present the political process Internal party in a more mature and more than that Party leaders are able to produce according to expectations
as the desire to achieve the target acquisition 2 digits and 2 sounds great in the upcoming election?
Expectations of this discussion is to understand the basic think the emergence of the idea and practice of acclamation in design framework strategy 'centralism demokratik'konsolidasi party for the elections 2014, then the parties who have authority (DPP) in develop the operational design and implementation muswil Musda,could do it more wisely, adult, without ignore the principles of democracy.
Democracy: between effectiveness and efficiency or
accountability and participation from?
In all parts of the world, the leaders claimed that their ruling based on democratic principles who put the interest of the people. The The Soviet leader called Eastern European countries as a State "people's democracy." Chinese mainland calls he People's Republic of China. North Korea called the regime them with the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. The African leaders also called their regimes democratic. Look at former President of Ghana Kwame Nkrumah, once said: "The people of Ghana seen from the forms and traditions are fundamentally have democratic characteristics. ". Including Indonesia in the last era of Sukarno's regime said to be a state democracy called Guided Democracy. In an era New Order regime appears also the term Democracy State Pancasila. If we know we will follow a series of ong-term claims of democracy ranging from "democracy constitutional "," liberal democracy "," people's democracy ", up to "democratic centralism", and others.
Whatever the claims, which this clearly indicates ideology of democracy has far-reaching implications, although are often interpreted and practiced differently-different. Strong tendency of democracy increasingly attractive to used as a reference in the political system is not only much countries, but also various social organizations and political. Noted that currently about 62% of 119 countries in the world to run a democracy. Whereas in In 1900 no single country that applies no matter what which is now known as democracy.
In a narrow sense, democracy, as stated by Schumpeter, is a political method, namely mechanism for choosing political leaders. Residents give opportunity to choose one among the leaders political leaders who compete for votes. While in the sense of a comprehensive, joint views of liberals and Marxian tradition, that every person should be free and equal in determining conditions life, that they should acquire the same rights (And therefore also the same obligations) in a frame of mind that produce and limit opportunities available to them. These principles referred to as democratic autonomy which requires that both accountability in a high degree or participation of civil society (Sorensen, 2003:14-15)
In this regard, democracy is not designed specifically for the sake of effectiveness and efficiency, but also for the sake of accountability and participation; a government democratic may not be able to act quickly dictatorship, although it is too slow too means neglectful of the public desires, but in each taking action can be ensured public support. And democracy should also not products which have been completed, but something that continues grow-flowers (Urofsky, 2001:2). Therefore, continued proceeds then democracy have always been challenged. One of the challenges it is not just a willingness but also the responsibility of the regime for create a system that includes group marginalized into a more democratic practice inclusive (Mar'iyah, 2005:2).
Dikotomik understanding of democracy among stronghold procedural and substantive differences are not sharp and contradictory. In the description that Interestingly, Pabottinggi (2007) states that between both sides or perspectives that articulate with each other. Almost all the experts who emphasize the importance of the essence or substance was never subordinated niscayanya procedure democracy. On the procedural even contained a essential. This means that a series of political processes in democracies are held and run the first time to uphold the essential yag. The essence of justice procedural is the distribution of power, and in the context of this is, as stated by Tornquist (2007), how democracy to be meaningful, that democracy can work and quite substantially so that it can significantly for all.
Democracy was introduced as a political system indeed originated from the west. He then built rapidly as a series of institutions and practices politics that has long been held to respond cultural development and social challenges and environment in each country. When starting on transplantasikan into the non-Western countries and some of the colonies that have a history and different cultures, democracy takes time to adjust to the situation, and experience various changes in its application in accordance with new environment is different. Even according to Scalapino, when democratic institutions and political processes borrowed by the Asian community, for example, efforts to matching them with native culture is the work of heavy (Chee, 1994:7).
Acclamation and organizational consolidation strategy
The process of direct election by voting in its development in Indonesia is giving reality the plus-minus in political life. On the one hand, he implementation of democracy is a form of elegant and provide extensive opportunities for political participation of anyone. He is also believed to encourage actors power to have high accountability and responsive to community issues voters. In the other hand, another practice was still speaking, he still many shortcomings and sometimes manipulated and distorted by some who want to take advantage through democratic processes but by malicious political intentions are far from the principles democratic values themselves. But the shortage is not the fault of democracy itself that he can not in blame game as a non-culprit beresan, but rather as a consequence of the still berprosesnya the transition. Because we also was started and learning practice in a way democratic. Despite these shortcomings and also the presence of a variety of practices contrary to the ethics and political morality does not need to create institutions and the democratic process was killed. What is needed is continually improve various rules of the game therein, not to kill him.
The phenomenon that becomes less beautiful scenery in the electoral process by voting them is a game of money politics, in the context of consolidation party organization, the phenomenon that often occurs during election of chairman and also at the formation election - which is usually responsible for preparing management organizations. It's no secret at the moment consolidation is the emergence of organizations such as the clause in tatib election chairman / formation which requires support for regional or branch, because the candidates chairman / formation also felt need each other, then there was the practice of politics in the black market transaction. Price issued a letter of support can vary depending on the outcome of negotiations, even it is not impossible standard prices determined by other, more candidates high influence market prices specified area or branch of another candidate.
The practice of political transactions are also found in the moment moment just before the election chairman / formation. Exchange the market price offered to mobilize support when the election could turn up / down quickly according to the dynamics of the selection process that occurred. The money supply in a moment of consolidation organization like that can reach hundreds of millions and even billions rupiah to one province, and tens to hundreds million to one area.
When calculated at the macro, then you can imagine the amount of money in circulation only to the game of money politics during consolidation organizations in 33 provinces (muswil) and less
more 450an city / county (Musda), while on the other hand the need to manage political organizations, ranging from implement the consolidation and coordination to lowest organizational infrastructure, up to implementation of the program would need a win elections amount of money and logistics are arguably not slightly.
It is natural that some quarters the opinion of viewpoint of business and finance professionals, it turns out manage political organizations (read political parties) with culture the like, outside the rules of logic and thinking proper management. Thus, the practice of money politics
it actually exists and occurs in a vote when implementation of the consolidation of party organizations scheduled election of candidates for leaders. Like Jin, a political game that money stuff is not plasticity but not infrequently can make a person possessed. Not a few cadres of political parties more select and highlight the candidates who have the capital strong economy, but less weigh future leaders with a capital of political ability and habitus leadership.
Another phenomenon also become less beautiful scenery and always shadowing mechanism of such elections is a post-election conflict. Dynamics that occurred during the selection process will affect against the escalation of the conflict between the candidates and supporters.Implementation of muswil and Musda should be a medium to strengthen capacity organization with emphasis the ideals and objectives organizations, as well as a media to strengthen orderly organization through the preparation and making of rules, guidelines, guidelines for the program even organizations, turned out not an important concern that the party cadres involved and participate in the process. Excess of post-election conflict that is often encountered is at the time of recruitment and preparation of the composition management, not infrequently also the conflict also creep participate in the process of consolidation at lower levels. Cleavage of cadres in the area due to the participation they are in the process of organizational consolidation at the level top. On the basis of the issues munculah ideas, for process of internal party democracy is not injured by less beautiful scenery, the effort to make the process of consolidating the organization becomes more effective in the sense of escape or minimal conflict, more attention to problems of substance consolidation such as strengthening the ideals and the formulation of rules organization in the bylaws, and become more efficient in meaning no high-cost, minimize game money politics, even the expectation that money will round wasted in the process of consolidation will be in the store to prepare for winning the election program, hence acclamation method of choice for the road avoid voting method because it turns out mudlaratnya is considered greater than the benefits based on the cultural context of such party. Besides also the emergence of the idea for the implementation consolidated organization nullify the election process formation, as well as ideas about the importance of the involvement of DPP to participate in the branch of selecting leadership and DPD through policy recommendations on candidates for president and branch of DPD.
As a political method for selecting leaders organization, as long as it done on the basis of deliberation and consensus, transparent, honest, not through violence even coercion, and therefore will further strengthen support and participation of voters to figure leadership that is expected to achieve the goals and the ideals of the organization, then the acclamation may be more democratic value than using the instrument by voting, but full of manipulation, game of money politics, and leadership figures not produced as expected to carry mandate and the Cause of the organization.
Consolidation strategy within the framework design with approach of 'democratic centralism', the application of the method unanimously supported the policy recommendations on candidates who will berkontestasi chairman, should figure raises candidates really did not just acceptable but also has the ability in above the average of the other candidates who are fighting. But if the figure of candidates 'raised' and Expected' to win by acclamation, it appeared that in the selection process conducted by the DPP not faktor2 objectively consider a must-have a candidate as an instrument supporting the mandate that will run on pikulnya, it is increasingly explained that by acclamation was apparently not leadership ensures that the resulting figure can be more both of the methods of voting, although filled with practice game of money and manipulation. Especially from the side accountability, was the candidate who emerges is they are proven to have failed to carry out the mandate organization, as in the previous leadership
has failed to boost party vote in each region, even in the leadership previously was found to decrease the party vote drastically.
Acclamation of democracy that was born from the context of the issues Such will not be able to develop and manifest substantial and meaningful if kept for superficially interpreted by the hunters the power fit their own tastes. In a more glasses wide, the design strategy of 'democratic centralism' as footing to manage the consolidation of the party, not just enough with the birth of leadership, obedient and devout principle against party policy, but also how manage life in a democratic party politics. Acclamation method only to select leaders. But what carried out after the elected leaders are not less importance to always and still refers to the value- values and democratic norms.
Behavior of power tends to move in the framework elite interests, because it requires checks and balances and participation of volunteers. As said Liddle (2001) that the practice of democracy should be kept away from the pattern "Democracy of the criminals". We certainly do not want party which was born from the womb of reform, gradually and without conscious tersusupi practices and patterns of democracy a la the villain. The practice of power without accountability the real answer also contains the criminal tactics so sometimes impenetrable, invulnerable criticism, and to a certain extent also use the instrument violence and coercion in the policy-legalize policy. May God dissuade.
Congratulations consolidation to meet the success of PAN 2014 ...
